Monasticism, Eastern, origin of, 17, 29;
philosophy and, 18;
Christian, 29;
the Scriptures and, 30;
in Egypt, 33;
virtual founder of, 42;
under Pachomius, 58, 63;
under Basil, 63;
character of, in Greek church, 67;
perplexing character of, 69.
_See_ Jerome, Basil and Athanasius.
Monasticism, Western, 71;
introduction in Rome, 71;
effect upon Rome, 80;
women and, 96, 106;
Gregory the Great and, 160;
in England, 162; spread of, 115;
in Germany, 122;
in Spain, 122;
in early Britain, 123, 168;
disorders and oppositions, 124;
enemies of, 127;
its eclipse, 130;
code of, 139;
reforms of, and military types, 173, 197;
decline of, in the Middle Ages, 173, 179;
Benedict of Aniane tries to reform, 176;
in England, in Middle Ages, 180;
failure of reforms, 196, 207;
its moral dualism, 205;
its recuperative power, 205;
in the thirteenth century, 206;
new features of, 244;
popes demand reforms in, 286;
attacked by governments, 287;
Hill on fall of, in England, 345;
a fetter on progress, 347;
alms-giving and, 348;
age of, compared to modern times, 351.
Monasticism, Causes and Ideals of, 354;
causative motives, 355;
the desire for salvation, 356;
quotations on the ideal, 129, 173, 174, 357, 358, 360;
nothing gained by return to ideal, 352;
motive for endowments, 361;
the love of solitude, 362;
various motives, 364;
beliefs affecting the causative motives, 365;
Gnostic teachings, 366;
effect of the social condition of Roman Empire, 367;
the flight from the world, 368;
causes of variations in types, 371;
East and West compared, 371;
effect of political changes, 372;
the Crusades, 373;
effect of feudalism, 373;
effect of the intellectual awakening, 374;
the Modern Age and the Jesuits, 374;
the fundamental vows, 375.
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