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Aristotle, 384 BC-322 BC

"Aristotle on the art of poetry"

And in saying of Dolon, _hos p e toi eidos men
heen kakos_, his meaning may perhaps be, not that Dolon's body was
deformed, but that his face was ugly, as _eneidos_ is the Cretan word
for handsome-faced. So, too, _goroteron de keraie_ may mean not 'mix
the wine stronger', as though for topers, but 'mix it quicker'. (2)
Other expressions in Homer may be explained as metaphorical; e.g. in
_halloi men ra theoi te kai aneres eudon (hapantes) pannux_ as
compared with what he tells us at the same time, _e toi hot hes pedion
to Troikon hathreseien, aulon suriggon *te homadon*_ the word
_hapantes_ 'all', is metaphorically put for 'many', since 'all' is a
species of 'many '. So also his _oie d' ammoros_ is metaphorical, the
best known standing 'alone'. (3) A change, as Hippias suggested, in
the mode of reading a word will solve the difficulty in _didomen de
oi_, and _to men ou kataputhetai hombro_. (4) Other difficulties may
be solved by another punctuation; e.g. in Empedocles, _aipsa de thnet
ephyonto, ta prin mathon athanata xora te prin kekreto_. Or (5) by the
assumption of an equivocal term, as in _parocheken de pleo nux_, where
_pleo_ i.


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