That from genus to species i.e.emplified in 'Here stands my
ship'; for lying at anchor is the 'standing' of a particular kind of
thing. That from species to genus in 'Truly ten thousand good deeds
has Ulysses wrought', where 'ten thousand', which is a particular
large number, is put in place of the generic 'a large number'. That
from species to species in 'Drawing the life with the bronze', and in
'Severing with the enduring bronze'; where the poet uses 'draw' in the
sense of 'sever' and 'sever' in that of 'draw', both words meaning to
'take away' something. That from analogy is possible whenever there
are four terms so related that the second (B) is to the first (A), as
the fourth (D) to the third (C); for one may then metaphorically put B
in lieu of D, and D in lieu of B. Now and then, too, they qualify the
metaphor by adding on to it that to which the word it supplants is
relative. Thus a cup (B) is in relation to Dionysus (A) what a shield
(D) is to Ares (C). The cup accordingly will be metaphorically
described as the 'shield _of Dionysus_' (D + A), and the shield as the
'cup _of Ares_' (B + C).
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